Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy Is Just The Start
Résumé
The emergence of biologic therapies for reducing exacerbations of COPD heralds a new era in pharmacologic management and optimal patient care. Through pathophysiologic pathway and trajectory alterations, disease modification, and stability, biologic therapies in the setting of COPD raise the possibility of disease control. While asthma and COPD remain clinically distinct diseases, evolving insights into their underlying pathophysiology reveals areas of overlap and complexity.
In contemporary practice, key components of COPD management, including screening and case finding, diagnosis, clinical risk stratification, initial pharmacologic therapy, exacerbation management, action plan implementation, vaccination, pulmonary rehabilitation, and chronic bronchitis management, largely fall within the domain of primary care. Although specialist respiratory consultation continues to support these fundamental aspects of COPD management, the advent of biologic therapies creates new possibilities for respiratory specialists to focus on therapies beyond single-inhaler triple therapy.
Références
Soler-Cataluña JJ, Martínez-García MA, Román Sánchez P, Salcedo E, Navarro M, Ochando R. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005;60(11):925–931. doi:10.1136/thx.2005.040527
Rothnie KJ, Müllerová H, Smeeth L, Quint JK. Natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in a general practice-based population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(4):464–471. doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2029OC
Ho TW, Tsai YJ, Ruan SY, Huang CT, Lai F, Yu CJ. In-hospital and one-year mortality and their predictors in patients hospitalized for first-ever chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114866. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114866
García-Sanz MT, Cánive-Gómez JC, Senín-Rial L, Aboal-Viñas J, Barreiro-García A, López-Val E, et al. One-year and long-term mortality in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(3):636–645. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.03.34
Nie JX, Wang L, Upshur RE. Mortality of elderly patients in Ontario after hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Can Respir J. 2007;14(8):485–489. doi:10.1155/2007/425248
O’Donnell DE, Hernandez P, Kaplan A, Aaron S, Bourbeau J, Marciniuk D, et al. Canadian Thoracic Society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2008 update - highlights for primary care. Can Respir J. 2008;15 Suppl A(Suppl A):1a–8a. doi:10.1155/2008/641965
Bourbeau J, Bhutani M, Hernandez P, Aaron SD, Beauchesne M-F, B. Kermelly S, et al. 2023 Canadian Thoracic Society Guideline on pharmacotherapy in patients with stable COPD. Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. 2023;7(4):173–191. doi:10.1080/24745332.2023.2231451
Punekar YS, Mullerova H, Small M, Holbrook T, Wood R, Naya I, et al. Prevalence and burden of dyspnoea among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five European countries. Pulmonary Therapy. 2016;2(1):59–72. doi:10.1007/s41030-016-0011-5
Bednarek M, Maciejewski J, Wozniak M, Kuca P, Zielinski J. Prevalence, severity and underdiagnosis of COPD in the primary care setting. Thorax. 2008;63(5):402–407. doi:10.1136/thx.2007.085456
Haughney J, Gruffydd-Jones K, Roberts J, Lee AJ, Hardwell A, McGarvey L. The distribution of COPD in UK general practice using the new GOLD classification. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(4):993–1002. doi:10.1183/09031936.00065013
Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, Locantore N, Müllerova H, Tal-Singer R, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1128–1138. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0909883
Han MK, Quibrera PM, Carretta EE, Barr RG, Bleecker ER, Bowler RP, et al. Frequency of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(8):619–626. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30207-2
Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1543–1554. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0805800
Ismaila AS, Haeussler K, Czira A, Youn J-H, Malmenäs M, Risebrough N, et al. Network meta-analysis of the efficacy of fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) Versus other triple therapies for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a comparison of annual moderate and severe exacerbations. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2022;205(Supplement_1):A1454–A1454. doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1454
Bogart M, Germain G, Huang S, Ismaila AS, Jung Y, Laliberté F, et al. Benefit of prompt versus delayed initiation of single inhaler triple therapy on exacerbations and healthcare costs among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2021;203(Supplement_1):A2252–A2252. doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2252
Tkacz J, Evans KA, Touchette DR, Portillo E, Strange C, Staresinic A, et al. PRIMUS - Prompt Initiation of Maintenance Therapy in the US: a real-world analysis of clinical and economic outcomes among patients initiating triple therapy following a COPD exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:329–342. doi:10.2147/copd.S347735
De Keyser H, Vuong V, Kaye L, Anderson WC, 3rd, Szefler S, Stempel DA. Is once versus twice daily dosing better for adherence in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2023;11(7):2087–2093.e2083. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.053
Noorduyn S, Young C, Lee L, Germain G, Laliberté F, Lejeune D, et al. Adherence and persistence with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol and budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a real-world United States study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2024;209(Supplement_1):A3301–A3301. doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3301
Bhutani M, Kaplan A, Kayaniyil S, Jamieson K, Ormsby R, Bell J, et al. Implementation of 2023 Canadian Thoracic Society Guidelines for Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy could reduce exacerbation and mortality rates in COPD: PROMETHEUS Canada. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2026;13(3):184–194. doi:10.15326/jcopdf.2025.0687
Albert RK, Connett J, Bailey WC, Casaburi R, Cooper JA, Jr., Criner GJ, et al. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(8):689–698. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104623
Calverley PM, Rabe KF, Goehring UM, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ. Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2009;374(9691):685–694. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61255-1
Vogelmeier CF, Worth H, Buhl R, Criée CP, Gückel E, Kardos P. Impact of switching from triple therapy to dual bronchodilation in COPD: the DACCORD ‘real world’ study. Respir Res. 2022;23(1):109. doi:10.1186/s12931-022-02037-2
Lipson DA, Barnhart F, Brealey N, Brooks J, Criner GJ, Day NC, et al. Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(18):1671–1680. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1713901
Rabe KF, Martinez FJ, Ferguson GT, Wang C, Singh D, Wedzicha JA, et al. Triple inhaled therapy at two glucocorticoid doses in moderate-to-very-severe COPD. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(1):35–48. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1916046
Tworek D, Antczak A. Eosinophilic COPD - a distinct phenotype of the disease. Adv Respir Med. 2017;85(5):271–276. doi:10.5603/ARM.a2017.0045
Vedel-Krogh S, Nielsen SF, Lange P, Vestbo J, Nordestgaard BG. Blood eosinophils and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Copenhagen general population study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193(9):965–974. doi:10.1164/rccm.201509-1869OC
Ko FWS, Xu X, Hon P, Ratnasingham P, Milea D, Hui DSC. Clinical characteristics of patients with COPD in Hong Kong. European Respiratory Journal.62(suppl 67):PA1316. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.PA1316
Saint-Pierre MD, Abdulnour J. Oral add-on therapies and blood eosinophils in severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A real-world hospital chart review. Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine. 2024;8(6):254–259. doi:10.1080/24745332.2024.2396463
Bhatt SP, Rabe KF, Hanania NA, Vogelmeier CF, Bafadhel M, Christenson SA, et al. Dupilumab for COPD with blood eosinophil evidence of type 2 inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(24):2274–2283. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2401304
Bhatt SP, Rabe KF, Hanania NA, Vogelmeier CF, Cole J, Bafadhel M, et al. Dupilumab for COPD with type 2 inflammation indicated by eosinophil counts. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(3):205–214. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2303951
Bourbeau J, Min J, Kolterer S, Yang S, Hunger M, Wang X, et al. Indirect treatment comparison (ITC) of mepolizumab and dupilumab in treating COPD. European Respiratory Journal.66(suppl 69):PA488. doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2025.PA488
Cazzola M, Bajpai J, Calzetta L, Matera MG, Rogliani P. GOLD 2026: Transforming COPD management with early intervention, multi-dimensional assessment, and personalized care. Drugs. 2026;86(5):581–597. doi:10.1007/s40265-026-02303-3
Téléchargements
Publié
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Canadian Respirology Today 2026

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.